- Data is given and as-is.
- Data is finite. Otherwise we are talking about streams/processes/delayed computations/promises etc.
- Data is either atomic or composite.
- Meaning and information are only provided by context.
- Data is only a representation of objects in some abstract domain. The domain includes constraints and invariants.
- The structure of raw data in informatics is linear (and via grammars) can be represented as a tree. This is serialisation and deserialisation.
- Non-informatic physical data may have a 3d-structure. Example: 2d grid on paper. But in informatics everything is just 1d.
- Data already inside some domain may contain already complex invariants and multi-dimensional or hypergraph structures.
- Going from linearised data to the domain may involve jumps through several domains (e.g.: lex to tokens -> parser to AST, DTO <-> domain data).